Jagger, R (2008). "The effectiveness of occlusal splints for sleep bruxism". Evid-Based Dent. 9 (1): 23. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400569. PMID 18364692.

The gum shield should look and feel soft and pliable. If not replace the gum shield in the water for a further 10 seconds. Please note: if the water has cooled too much then the gum shield will not get soft enough to mould, if you are not having any success start again with freshly boiled water.Brad W. Neville; Douglas D. Damm; Carl M. Allen; Jerry E. Bouquot (2002). Oral & maxillofacial pathology (2nded.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp.253–254. ISBN 0721690033. According to World Rugby, an initial pot of €2 million will be used to aide certain teams use of smart mouthguard technology supplied by Prevent Biometrics.

The advances in smart mouthguard technology mean elite players will be better cared for than ever before. We are taking smart mouthguards out of the realm of medical research and putting them into the world of everyday performance management to continue to manage player welfare in the best way possible.” Other World Rugby changes around brain injury Quinnell, Timothy G.; etal. (17 July 2014). "A crossover randomised controlled trial of oral mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (TOMADO)". Thorax. 2014 (69): 938–945. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205464. PMID 25035126. Stabilizing or Michigan-type occlusal splints are generally flat against the opposing teeth, and help jaw muscle relaxation, while repositioning occlusal splints are used to reposition the jaw to improve occlusion. [6] Usage [ edit ] As things stand, World Rugby is adding the G-force and rotational acceleration of a hit to determine when to automatically take a player off for an HIA. Over the next couple of years, it wants to improve its ability to identify the impacts with clinical meaning – which will also mean looking at other factors, such as the duration and direction of the impact, as well. Acrylic Splints for Athletes: Transparent Slip Casings for the Teeth as a Protection From Blows". Journal of the American Dental Association. 36 (1): 109–110. 1948.In their latest shift in the Head Injury Assessment (HIA) process, World Rugby will be introducing smart mouthguard technology to inform medics in real-time if an athlete has experienced “a high level of acceleration which could lead to an injury”. It will be first introduced in the upcoming WXV matches in October and November, before being rolled out worldwide.